Saudi Arabia's Green Energy Strategy in recent years has boldly aimed to achieve 50 percent of the kingdom's energy from renewable sources by 2030 with a capacity target of 130 GW—58.7 GW of solar and 40 GW of wind power—under its Vision 2030 program. To support this record deployment, the kingdom is adding one of the world's biggest grid-scale battery energy storage systems (BESS), including a 2.5 GW/10 GWh facility and an independent 2 GWh facility from BYD, which will mitigate intermittency and allow for peak-shaving, frequency regulation, and renewable firming. But as Integration and Challenges of Energy Storage Systems become a reality—record-high…